Space
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The Constellation Program, the New U.S. Space Program!->Latest about the CEV program on this page! Check that New Page now dedicated to the Constellation Program launchers flight schedule, beginning the test flights! check the page January 2004. New Goals for US SpaceAs of January 2004, President George Bush set new goals for US space. Stressing that no astronauts had gone beyond Earth since 30 years nor any new vehicle had been developped, President of the USA gave a new momentum to space conquest Space Shuttle will be retired in 2010. Until then it will mainly be used to complete International Space Station (ISS). A new manned vehicle dubbed "Crew Exploration Vehicle" will be developped by 2008 and fly no later than 2014. It will serve as an ISS ferry. Its main goal however will be to be NASA new exploration vehicle. As far as ISS operations are concerned, station will be completed before 2010 and researches aboard will be re-focused on making science about long space flights effects USA will be back at Moon in 2015 and no later than 2020. Aim will be to live and work there for extended periods of time. Starting in 2008 this new Moon conquest will be prepared by exploratory robotic missions. From there, using Moon resources, exploration to Mars and beyond will be performed. Robotic missions will continue to scour and scout solar system, making science or serving as advanced missions for potential manned missions. Mankind is headed into the cosmos! President George Bush stressed too that space technologies had improved life and health Earth, and will continue to do so. This speech translated into the "Vision for Space Exploration" which is setting to NASA the guidelines to implement such a program The Constellation Program AssetsNASA unveiled in September 2005 its next CEV exploration system. The "Crew Exploration Vehicle" is NASA's next-generation exploration vehicle which will have the daunting task to serve like a crew and cargo ferry to the International Space Station (ISS), a vehicle to the Moon and to Mars. The CEV comes along with a new generation of launchers and several accessories which turns it into NASA's next-generation exploration system. The new system borrows concepts from the Apollo program and engines and Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) from the Shuttle program. The development of the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) and of the related exploration architecture systems are to be known under the name of 'Constellation Systems', or 'Constellation Program' The CEV ProperThe CEV proper will just look like an Apollo era capsule, three times larger however. The ship will be reusable up to 10 times, with a replacement of the heat shield. The CEV is coming back Earth parachuting on dry land, with a splasdown as a backup option. The main use of the Crew Exploration Vehicle, in a first stage, will be the completion of the ISS, this orbital outpost which, now, will be used to test the effects on the crews of long duration space journeys. The CEV will feature a glass cockpit and touch-sensitive screens, and a nitrogen-oxygen mixture at redurece pressure like an artificial air for the astronauts (instead of pure oxygen like for the Apollo capsules) to ease the exits and entries from and into the lunar module New Launchers
The next-generation vehicle comes with a new launch ensemble. The new launch system however mainly relies on Shuttle's Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) and main engine. The new launch vehicle comes in two types. A first one which is made of a Shuttle's SRB like the first stage, with a second stage propelled by a Shuttle's main engine, and a second one, used for heavy-lift tasks and Moon missions. This latter is using five Shuttle's main engines on a main, one-stage body, and two longer, strapped-on SRBs. The old system of an escape rocket on top of the capsule will be used. It allows to quickly blast the crew away in case of launch problems, extracting the capsule up to an altitude sufficient to allow it to parachute safely back. The new NASA heavy launcher will be allowed to 6 trips to the ISS may be performed a year. Like the current Space Shuttle system, the Ares launchers will use a mobile launcher atop a crawler to be transported to the launch pads of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida as they mostly will use the general scheme of the Space Shuttle infrastructures, like the Space Shuttle had for the Apollo program New Lunar Missions
The first mission back to the Moon is scheduled for 2018. The new Moon mission main objective is to set a permanent outpost on our satellite, which would be served by crew rotations every 6 months. The outpost will probably be set at the lunar south pole for hydrogen fuel and sunlight. A CEV Moon mission will unfold according a process which is reminding that of the Apollo program missions. A heavy-lift rocket will launch, carrying a lunar lander and a "departure stage" (used to leave the Earth orbit) as the 4-member crew will launch separately, docking their capsule -attached to a service module- to the lander and departure stage. The whole then will head to the Moon, taking three days to reach there after having maybe waited until 4 days for the translunar window to open, in Earth orbit. At the arrival at Moon, it's the engine of the lunar module which will brake the convoy into orbit (instead of the one of the capsule module, like for the Apollo missions). Once in lunar orbit, the crewmembers will step into the lunar lander and leave the capsule alone in orbit. After the surface exploration will have been performed, the crew will blast off the Moon using the upper portion of the lander, and dock back to the orbiting capsule. The service module will be used for the journey back Earth. The service module will be jettisoned after a deorbit burn at Earth. A heatshield will protect the capsule during reentry. The parachutes will deploy, the heatshield will be dropped and the capsule will gently set down on dry land. Both the CEV and the lunar module use liquid methane in their engines, allowing for replenishment during Mars missions, from the martian atmosphere. The lunar module, at the difference of the one of the Apollo missions will host 4 crewmembers -and the whole 4 crewmembers of the mission, with the CEV orbiting with no one on board. The initial lunar stay may will last up to 4 to 7 days as the mission will carry enough propellant to land anywhere at Moon and not at the equator only like the Apollo missions did. The lunar missions will serve like a practice for journeys to Mars Who Will Build the CEV?With the CEV unveiled, it looks like it's "The Boeing Company" which will build the new system. "The Boeing Company" is now, with Lockheed Martin Corp. one of both competitors between which NASA will eventually choose in 2006 the actual constructor of the CEV. As Corp. had chosen a much more classical, multi-stage launcher, as its CEV was of a sole block, "The Boeing Company", as it had in its commercial assets much of the firms which had participated into the Apollo program, was logically bound to borrow from the latter. McDonnell Douglas and the aerospace and defense units of Rockwell International which participated into the Apollo program are now part of Boeing. Saturn V first stage was built by McDonnell Douglas Company, engines of the three stages by Rocketdyne, and the second stage and the command and service modules by North American Aviation (NAA) -both the latter companies being subsidiaries of Rockwell International. Boeing itself, back to these years, had built the first stage of the Saturn V, and the Lunar Roving Vehicle used during the last missions Technically, the CEV project is a comprehensive project, containing the launch vehicles, in-space transportation, navigation and communication, surface transportation, surface and space-based infrastructures, life support, extravehicular activity, robotic assistants, or mission operations support. The first flight tests of the CEV were lately announced to occur about 2008, being followed by more advanced, uncrewed, flight tests about 2011, and leading to the operational vehicle no later than 2014. Unlike the Apollo program’s large budget, the CEV will be sustainable and affordable with only modest increases in NASA's overall budget, which is only .7 percent of the total federal budget La NASA dévoile le système d'exploration qui remplacera la navette! |